Parallel Inheritance Hierarchies.
Whenever you create a subclass for a class, you find yourself needing to create a subclass for another class.
##Signs and Symptoms
Whenever you create a subclass for a class, you find yourself needing to create a subclass for another class.

##Reasons for the Problem
All was well as long as the hierarchy stayed small. But with new classes being added, making changes has become harder and harder.
##Payoff
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Reduces code duplication.
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Can improve organization of code.
